Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Vitamin B12 (B12) insufficiency is common in pregnancy and independently predicts insulin resistance (IR) in the offspring. B12 is an important key nutrient for epigenetic programming through regulating DNA methylation. Such B12 DNA methylation may influence leptin, a strong candidate for methylation, which could impact both insulin resistance (IR) and associated neonatal metabolic risk. Therefore, we hypothesize that leptin can be programmed by maternal B12 which ...

Studies in India (vegetarian population) show that vitamin B12 insufficiency is common in pregnancy and independently predict adiposity and insulin resistance in the offspring. Epigenetic programming is postulated as, along with folic acid, B12 is crucial for DNA methylation. Therefore, we investigated whether maternal B12 levels in a non-vegetarian UK population predict metabolic risk of the offspring.Paired maternal venous and cord blood samples (n...

Mitochondria are essential for synthesising ATP required for cellular metabolism. In response to changes in their cellular environment, mitochondria are able to alter their morphology and abundance through the balance of “fusion” and “fission” events. The aim of this study was to profile the expression of mitochondrial genes in the abdominal subcutaneous (AbSc) adipose tissue (AT) of lean, obese and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) individuals and determine ...

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a member of the phospholipase A2 super family of enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids, and is upregulated in arterial inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Secreted soluble Lp-PLA2 (sPLA2) increases arterial inflammation in addition to cytosolic calcium dependent PLA2 (cPLA2) and calcium independent PLA2 (iPLA2). These studies examined the influence of adipose tissue (AT) depots (abdominal subcutaneous (Abd Sc), ...

Introduction and objective: Recently, a lot of studies associated with high mean platelet level (MPV) in patients with hypo- and hyperthyroidism has reported in medical litherature. But it is not clear whether or not radioactive iodine treatment effect on platelet activity. It is well known that elevated platelet size is associated with its high enzymatic and metabolic activity. Aim of our preliminary study is to determine the platelet size via MPV level in hyperthyroid patien...

Disorders of bone mineralization observed in women with ovarian insufficiency are unlikely a simple function of decreased concentration of oestrogens. Published evidence suggests that adipose tissue is a central component within the complex system of metabolic and hormonal interactions responsible for adequate mineralization of the bone. However, to the best of our knowledge, the composite effects of specific substances synthesized within adipose tissue from various anatomical...

Introduction: Adult patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and hypothalamic (HT) damage have impaired cognitive function. The white matter (WM) changes behind these findings remain to be elucidated. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a MRI technique that quantifies microstructural damage in the WM. This is the first study of DTI, hippocampal (HC) and HT volume in relation to cognition in CP patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study of childhood onset CP was...

Background: Adipogenesis is a key process leading to adipose tissue (AT) expansion. However, managing this event is critical to limit excessive fat accumulation and disease risk. Adipogenesis appears controlled in part, through Wnt10b signalling which reduces adipogenesis via inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) although the molecular mechanism remains unclear.Aims: Abdominal subcutaneous AT (AbdSc AT) was collected from a, non-di...

Background: In obesity, excess nutrients and an increased demand for protein synthesis contribute to unfolded proteins accumulating within the endoplasmic reticulum and consequent activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR in adipose tissue (AT) is critical to the initiation and integration of inflammation and insulin signalling pathways in obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether novel malabsorptive or bypass bar...

Habitual post-prandial absorption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increases systemic atherogenic lipoproteins and a pro-inflammatory response, a condition exacerbated by obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Also, gut derived bacteria (endotoxin) is absorbed coupled to damaging lipoproteins as it crosses the mucosa, which could directly impact on adipose tissue, as our previous studies suggest. The current studies addressed whether a SFA rich me...